A transformer is a static device which transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through the process of electromagnetic induction. For example, a farmer has a large, 480v, 3phase motor powering a well. Jan 10, 2017 stepdown transformer the transformers which are used to convert high voltages into lower ones are called stepup transformer. A step down transformer is a device which converts high primary. These are commonly used in applications where there is a need of ac voltage conversion from one voltage level to another. In this video well be looking at how a transformer works covering the basics with transformer working animations and explanations to understanding the working principle. Transformers step down transformers if the first coil has more turns that the second coil, the secondary voltage is smaller than the primary voltage. Proposal to increase transformer efficiency standards. A transformer is used to lower the voltage from 480 v to 120 v for the lighting circuit. What is transformer,principle of working electrical.
When it comes to the operation voltage, the step up transformer application can be roughly divided into two groups. A step down transformer is a type of transformer, which converts a high voltage at the primary side to a low voltage at the secondary side. The transformer consists of two separate windings placed over the laminated silicon steel core. The voltage turn ratio of the step down transformer is 2. Here the basic working principle and construction of transformer, stepup transformer, stepdown transformer, transformer winding and core construction are well illustrated. Step down transformer working principle, equation, types. A stepdown transformer is a device used to change over high essential voltage to a low auxiliary voltage. Instep down transformer the number of turns in primary coil remains large as compare to secondary coil. Download important questions of transformer with solution in.
Lv voltages up to 1 kv and hv application voltages above 1 kv. Transformers so a stepdown transformer with 100 coils in the primary and 10 coils in the secondary will reduce the voltage by a factor of 10 but multiply the current by a factor of 10 at the same time. The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance between two circuits which is linked by a common magnetic flux. Thus, when a transformer stepsup a voltage, it stepsdown the current and viceversa, so that the output power is always at the same value as the input power. Power transformer working principle, construction and types. It can be designed to step up or step down voltages and works on the magnetic induction principle. Transformer construction a transformer consists of two windings coupled through a magnetic medium. Transformer only stepup or stepdown the level of ac voltage or ac current. Transformer can increase or decrease the voltage with corresponding decrease or increase in current. If we speak in terms of the coil windings, the primary winding of a step down transformer has more turns than the secondary winding. I f you are finding for the working principle of transformer pdf then you are might at right place. When the primary voltage is greater than the secondary voltage it is called as stepdown transformers. Basic transformer operation can be described by two formulae relating the transformation ratio to the turns ratio of the transformer windings. The function of step down transformers are designed to reduce electrical voltage.
Download important questions of transformer with solution. Working principle of autotransformer your electrical guide. A short circuit test for copper loss at full load gives a wattmeter reading of 100 w. Different types of transformers and their applications. When the single phase ac supply is connected between a and d terminals and output is taken from c and e terminals, this auto transformer will operate as a step down transformer. Step down transformer is made up of two or more coil wound on the iron core of the transformer. What is transformer in hindi working, type and use quality. Sue the varying current flowing through the primary winding creates a magnetic flux inside the core of the transformer and in secondary winding.
Introduction to transformers construction, working. When the single phase ac supply is connected between a and d terminals and output is taken from c and e terminals, this auto transformer will operate as a stepdown transformer. When it comes to the operation voltage, the stepup transformer application can be roughly divided into two groups. This transformer converts high voltage at alternatng current into low voltage alternatng current. Transformer is a static device which is used to step up and step down the voltage working on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Step down transformer in our project step down transformer is used. Working principle of autotransformer the circuit diagram of an auto transformer is shown in figure. Step down transformers are designed to reduce electrical voltage. The power is equal to the current times the voltage watts volts x amps is one way to remember this, so you can see the power in the.
First of all you need to understand the working principle of single phase transformer because 3phase transformer is a equivalent to three single phase transformer. What is transformer in hindi working, type and use,transformer details in hindi theory in hindi pdf download working principle of transformer pdf. If n 2 n 1 the transformer is called stepup transformer. This means your output voltage is 8 volts and your output current is 2 amps and this, in turn, implies a secondary load resistance of 4 ohms. Most power supplies use a stepdown transformer to reduce the dangerously high voltage to a safer low voltage.
Basics, maintenance, and diagnostics vii contents continued page 4. A transformer has two or more separate coil windings placed on a common magnetic core. If n 2 working principle of autotransformer the circuit diagram of an auto transformer is shown in figure. The power is equal to the current times the voltage watts volts x amps is one. So, assume you are feeding 16 watts in 4v and 4 amps. Stepdown transformer physics project class 12 cbse final. Sep 16, 2017 a step down transformer is a type of transformer, which converts a high voltage at the primary side to a low voltage at the secondary side. A transformer has no moving parts and is a completely static solid state device. A stepdown transformer is used for reducing the voltage.
Electrical transformer is a static electrical machine which transforms electrical power from one circuit to another circuit, without changing the frequency. Transformer cant stepup or stepdown the level of dc voltage or dc current. Usually power is generated and distributed in three phase system, and therefore it is obvious that we would need three phase transformers to step up and step down voltages. Although the transformer can step up or step down voltage, it cannot step up power. The following image shows a typical step down transformer. Working principle, construction and types of transformer.
Suppose a step down transformer fails due to an accidental shortcircuit on the secondary load side of the circuit. If v 2 n a, that is k1, then transformer is called stepup transformer. A transformer has no moving parts and is a completely. Although, it is practically possible to use three suitably interconnected single phase transformers instead of one three phase transformer, the following advantages of three phase transformers encourage their use. Although the transformer can stepup or stepdown voltage, it cannot stepup power. Sep 25, 2014 it can be either to stepup or step down.
Step down transformer reduces voltage and hence used in almost all household electrical appliances. A step down transformer is used for reducing the voltage. What is the working principle of a threephase transformer. Nov 17, 2019 a transformer is a static device which transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through the process of electromagnetic induction. If the second coil has half as many turns as the first coil, the secondary voltage will be half the size of the. A stepdown transformer has fewer turns on the secondary coil that the primary coil. Torque reducing gear train steps torque down, while stepping speed up. Stepdown transformer in our project stepdown transformer is used. The working procedure on how transformers work types. Mar 23, 2020 a step down transformer has a wide variety of applications in electrical systems and transmission lines. Instepdown transformer the number of turns in primary coil remains large as compare to secondary coil. Working principle of transformer pdf download here is the pdf for working principle of transformer. Pdf working principle of transformer fundamental of. Transformer is the device which is generally used for the step p or step down the voltage level.
Transformer basicsworking principle,construction,types. However, the working principle of step down transformer and all these transformers are the same and that is electromagnetic induction. Electrical transformer basic construction, working and. Pdf 1 transformer working principle pdf 2 transformer fundamental. Our present day electronics is heavily dependent on it. Dec 16, 2019 what is transformer in hindi working, type and use,transformer details in hindi theory in hindi pdf download working principle of transformer pdf. A stepdown transformer has a wide variety of applications in electrical systems and transmission lines. Here we discuss different types of transformers are the step up and step down transformer, distribution transformer, potential transformer, power transformer, 1. A basic transformer consists of two coils that are electrically separate and inductive, but are magnetically linked through a path of reluctance. To ac source accidental shortcircuit load that the transformer actually failed as a result of the short is without any doubt. Jul 31, 2014 here the basic working principle and construction of transformer, step up transformer, step down transformer, transformer winding and core construction are well illustrated. Then we can say that primary power equals secondary power, p p p s. Hence, currents are in the inverse ratio of the voltage transformation ratio.
At the end of the day in a stepdown transformer, the essential twisting of a loop has a bigger number of turns than the auxiliary winding. In this post, we will try to understand what is it, its working principle, equation, types, advantages and disadvantages. The working principle of a transformer is very simple. Single phase transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. In stepdown transformer v s apr 25, 2017 the current transformer the current transformer c. A transformer is an electrical apparatus designed to convert alternating current from one voltage to another. The step up step down effect of coil turn ratios in a transformer is analogous to gear tooth ratios in mechanical gear systems, transforming values of speed and torque in much the same way. Working principle of a transformer the basic principle on which the transformer works is faradays law of electromagnetic induction or mutual induction between the two coils. The voltage turn ratio determines the magnitude of voltage transforms from primary to secondary windings of the transformer. Most power supplies use a step down transformer to reduce the dangerously high voltage to a safer low voltage. A transformer consists of two highly inductive coils windings wound on a steel or iron core. These are the most commonly used transformer types for all the applications. Thus, when a transformer stepsup a voltage, it steps down the current and viceversa, so that the output power is always at the same value as the input power. How does a transformer work working principle electrical.
Transformer operates when both circuits take effect of mutual induction. But the primary coil winding is responsible for supplying the alternating current ac with supplied frequency and it produces the magnetic flux in the same frequency in the magnetic core. It is most commonly used to increase step up or decrease step down voltage levels between circuits. Cbse class 12 physics chapter wise notes of ac, transformer. It works on the principle of magnetic induction between the coils. Transformer is an electrical device that makes the transfer of energy by forming inductive coupling between the winding of its circuits. The transformers are designed for either singlephase supply or threephase supply. A transformer is one of the most common devices found in electrical system that links the circuits which are operating at different voltages. The two windings of the transformer are called high voltage winding and low voltage winding.